10/30/2023 0 Comments Posterior thigh compartment syndromeThe innervation for these muscles is via the sciatic nerve. Additionally, the hamstrings provide slight external or internal rotation based on insertion points distally. The hamstrings provide stability while standing by securing the hip joint so the body can remain upright. These movements are an integral part of normal gait and daily function. The exception to this rule is the short head of the biceps femoris, which only acts to flex the knee. As a group, the hamstring muscles primarily work to extend the hip and flex the knee. The semitendinosus and semimembranosus attach to the medial surface of the tibia. The biceps femoris muscles attach to the lateral side of the head of the fibula. The biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles all originate from the ischial tuberosity. The biceps femoris short head originates from the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur. The perforating branches of the deep femoral artery provide blood supply to all four muscles. The semitendinosus and biceps femoris long head muscles sit superficial to the semimembranosus and biceps femoris short head muscles. Two heads make up the biceps femoris, a short head, and a long head. The muscles that make up the posterior compartment of the leg include the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. Lymphatic drainage from the posterior thigh travels through various lymphatic vessels before reaching the deep inguinal nodes and, eventually, the external iliac nodes. The veins located deep to the fascia help to drain the muscles while the veins that are superficial to the fascia help to drain the skin. There are two different categories of veins that are described based on their location in the fascial compartments. All lower limb veins eventually drain into the femoral vein before reaching the external iliac vein. The venous drainage in the lower limb is mainly through the great saphenous and small saphenous veins. Together, these arteries supply the majority of the posterior thigh. The inferior gluteal artery branches from the internal iliac artery to supply the proximal portions of the muscles. The femoral artery branches into the deep femoral artery. The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes under the inguinal ligament. The primary blood supply to the lower limb arises from the femoral artery and the inferior gluteal artery. This rotation allows the hamstring muscles to reach their final posterior position. Specifically, the posterior thigh muscles derive from the paraxial mesoderm of the lower limb buds. Around week 8 of gestational development, the lower limbs begin to rotate medially. Hox genes are responsible for segmental development in the craniocaudal direction. FGF and Wnt-7 genes contribute to lengthening and dorsal-ventral positioning of the limbs, respectively. SHH allows for the proper growth and development of the limbs and interacts with FGF to ensure the normal development of each limb. Essential growth factors include sonic hedgehog ( SHH), fibroblast growth factor ( FGF), and the homeobox ( Hox) genes. The limbs become anatomically positioned at birth through the interaction of several growth factors. Limb buds develop from mesenchymal cells that are activated by lateral plate mesoderm around four weeks of gestational age. Muscles, bone, connective tissue, lymphatics, blood, and other structures originate from the mesoderm. The sciatic nerve and its two branches provide all motor innervation to the posterior thigh.Įach part of the human body develops from either ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm. As the sciatic nerve pierces the greater sciatic foramen, it travels down the posterior thigh posterior to the long head of the biceps femoris. The nerves of the posterior thigh originate from the lumbar and sacral plexuses. Within the posterior thigh, various neurovascular and lymphatic structures aid in moving fluid to and from the lower limb. The hamstring muscles in the open kinetic chain allow extension of the hip and flexion of the knee, and when in the closed kinetic chain, allow extension of the knee. These three muscles are collectively referred to as the hamstring muscles. The posterior thigh is composed of three muscles: biceps femoris long and short head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The femur is the bony structure that provides support to the muscles, nerves, and vasculature in the posterior thigh. The posterior compartment of the thigh is separated from the anterior compartment by the lateral intermuscular septum and the medial compartment by the posterior intermuscular septum.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |